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Craniosynostosis 2

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What is Craniosynostosis?

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Craniosynostosis vs Plagiocephaly

Craniosynostosis

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Syndromic vs Non Syndromic

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Syndromic

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Non Syndromic

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Types of Craniosynostosis

  • Sagittal
Metopic

Metopic

Overview

Metopic synostosis, also known as trigonocephaly, is characterized by the premature fusion of the metopic suture, which runs from the top of the head down the middle of the forehead to the nose. This fusion results in a triangular-shaped forehead and a prominent ridge along the suture line.

metopic

Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Metopic synostosis is relatively rare, accounting for between 5% and 15% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnostically, the condition can be identified through a physical examination, where the triangular shape of the forehead and ridging are noticeable. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, can confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the fusion.

Treatment

Treatment typically involves surgery to correct the skull shape and allow for normal brain growth. The surgical procedure, usually performed in the first year of life, involves removing and reshaping the fused bones to create a more typical skull contour. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

Overview

Metopic synostosis, also known as trigonocephaly, is characterized by the premature fusion of the metopic suture, which runs from the top of the head down the middle of the forehead to the nose. This fusion results in a triangular-shaped forehead and a prominent ridge along the suture line.

 

metopic
Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Metopic synostosis is relatively rare, accounting for between 5% and 15% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnostically, the condition can be identified through a physical examination, where the triangular shape of the forehead and ridging are noticeable. Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) scans, can confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the fusion.

Treatment

Treatment typically involves surgery to correct the skull shape and allow for normal brain growth. The surgical procedure, usually performed in the first year of life, involves removing and reshaping the fused bones to create a more typical skull contour. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

Coronal

Coronal

Overview

Coronal synostosis involves the premature fusion of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) coronal sutures, which run from ear to ear over the top of the skull. Unilateral coronal synostosis, also known as synostotic anterior plagiocephaly, results in an asymmetrical skull with a flattened forehead on the affected side and a raised eyebrow. Bilateral coronal synostosis, also known as brachycephaly, leads to a brachycephalic head shape, characterized by a broad, short skull.

posterior cranioynostosis
Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Coronal synostosis accounts for approximately 20% to 30% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of coronal synostosis involves a thorough physical examination where asymmetry or brachycephaly is apparent. Imaging techniques, including CT scans, help confirm the diagnosis and plan the surgical intervention.

Treatment

Surgical correction is typically recommended to improve skull shape and symmetry. The timing of the surgery is crucial; it is often performed within the first year of life to maximize the benefits. Procedures may involve fronto-orbital advancement and reshaping of the forehead and eye sockets. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

Overview

Coronal synostosis involves the premature fusion of one (unilateral) or both (bilateral) coronal sutures, which run from ear to ear over the top of the skull. Unilateral coronal synostosis, also known as synostotic anterior plagiocephaly, results in an asymmetrical skull with a flattened forehead on the affected side and a raised eyebrow. Bilateral coronal synostosis, also known as brachycephaly, leads to a brachycephalic head shape, characterized by a broad, short skull.

Synostotic Anterior Plagiocephaly

Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Coronal synostosis accounts for approximately 20% to 30% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of coronal synostosis involves a thorough physical examination where asymmetry or brachycephaly is apparent. Imaging techniques, including CT scans, help confirm the diagnosis and plan the surgical intervention.

Treatment

Surgical correction is typically recommended to improve skull shape and symmetry. The timing of the surgery is crucial; it is often performed within the first year of life to maximize the benefits. Procedures may involve fronto-orbital advancement and reshaping of the forehead and eye sockets. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

Sagittal

Sagittal

Overview

Sagittal synostosis, also known as scaphocephaly, is the most common form of craniosynostosis. It involves the premature fusion of the sagittal suture, which runs from the front to the back of the skull along the midline. This fusion causes the head to grow long and narrow, a condition known as scaphocephaly.

Scaphocephaly
Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Sagittal synostosis accounts for approximately 40% to 55% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination often reveals a long, narrow head shape with a prominent ridge along the sagittal suture. Confirmatory diagnosis is achieved through imaging studies such as CT scans, which provide detailed views of the fused suture and skull shape.

Treatment

Surgical treatment for sagittal synostosis aims to expand the width of the skull and improve its overall shape. Depending on the severity of the condition, procedures may include minimally invasive endoscopic suturectomy or a more complex procedure referred to as cranial vault remodeling. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

Overview

Sagittal synostosis, also known as scaphocephaly, is the most common form of craniosynostosis. It involves the premature fusion of the sagittal suture, which runs from the front to the back of the skull along the midline. This fusion causes the head to grow long and narrow, a condition known as scaphocephaly.

Synostotic Anterior Plagiocephaly

Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Sagittal synostosis accounts for approximately 40% to 55% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination often reveals a long, narrow head shape with a prominent ridge along the sagittal suture. Confirmatory diagnosis is achieved through imaging studies such as CT scans, which provide detailed views of the fused suture and skull shape.

Treatment

Surgical treatment for sagittal synostosis aims to expand the width of the skull and improve its overall shape. Depending on the severity of the condition, procedures may include minimally invasive endoscopic suturectomy or a more complex procedure referred to as cranial vault remodeling. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

Lambdoid

Lambdoid

Overview

Lambdoid synostosis, also known as synostotic posterior plagiocephaly, is the rarest form of craniosynostosis, affecting the lambdoid suture at the back of the skull. This condition can result in a flattened appearance on one side of the back of the head (unilateral) or a symmetric flattening (bilateral).

anterior cranioynostosis
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Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Lambdoid synostosis accounts for approximately 1% to 5% of all craniosynostosis cases.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves distinguishing lambdoid synostosis from positional plagiocephaly, a common condition caused by external pressure on the skull. Physical examination and imaging studies, such as CT scans, help differentiate between these conditions.

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Treatment

Surgical treatment for lambdoid synostosis aims to correct the skull shape and alleviate any potential pressure on the brain. The procedure typically involves removing and reshaping the affected areas of the skull to achieve a more balanced and symmetrical appearance. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

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Overview

Sagittal synostosis, also known as scaphocephaly, is the most common form of craniosynostosis. It involves the premature fusion of the sagittal suture, which runs from the front to the back of the skull along the midline. This fusion causes the head to grow long and narrow, a condition known as scaphocephaly.

Synostotic Anterior Plagiocephaly

Incidence

The overall incidence of Craniosynostosis is approximately 1 in 2000/3000 births. Sagittal synostosis accounts for approximately 40% to 55% of all craniosynostosis cases.

Diagnosis

Physical examination often reveals a long, narrow head shape with a prominent ridge along the sagittal suture. Confirmatory diagnosis is achieved through imaging studies such as CT scans, which provide detailed views of the fused suture and skull shape.

Treatment

Surgical treatment for sagittal synostosis aims to expand the width of the skull and improve its overall shape. Depending on the severity of the condition, procedures may include minimally invasive endoscopic suturectomy or a more complex procedure referred to as cranial vault remodeling. Please refer to our Treatment Options page for a more detailed explanation of these surgical procedures.

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Genetics

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Choosing A Surgeon

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Treatment Options

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  • Endoscopic Suturectomy

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  • Cranial Vault Remodeling

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  • Fronto-Orbital Advancement

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  • Distraction

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    First Procedure

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    Second Procedure

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    Third Procedure

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    Fourth Procedure

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Indications for Surgery

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PLAGIOCEPHALY VS CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS

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POST OPERATIVE COURSE

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Frequently asked questions

Welcome to our FAQ section, where we answer some of the most common questions parents have about craniosynostosis.

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  • What causes craniosynostosis?

    The exact cause of craniosynostosis is not always clear. In most cases, it occurs sporadically, meaning there is no known cause. However, some cases are linked to genetic factors or syndromes like Apert, Crouzon, or Pfeiffer syndromes. If there is a family history of craniosynostosis or other craniofacial conditions, genetic testing may be recommended.

  • How common is craniosynostosis?

    Craniosynostosis is relatively rare, affecting about 1 in every 2,000 to 2,500 live births. The condition can affect one or more of the skull sutures, and it can occur as an isolated issue (non-syndromic) or as part of a genetic syndrome (syndromic).

  • What are the risks of leaving craniosynostosis untreated?

    If craniosynostosis is not treated, the fused sutures can restrict the normal growth of the skull, leading to increased pressure on the brain. This can result in developmental delays, cognitive problems, vision issues, and, in severe cases, permanent neurological damage. Early treatment can help prevent these complications.

  • At what age should craniosynostosis be treated?

    Ideally, craniosynostosis should be treated in infancy, typically between 3 and 12 months of age. The specific timing depends on the severity and type of craniosynostosis. Early intervention leads to better outcomes, as the skull is more malleable and can be reshaped more easily during this stage.

  • Will craniosynostosis affect my child’s brain development?

    If left untreated, craniosynostosis can potentially lead to increased pressure on the brain, which may result in developmental delays or neurological issues. However, with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, most children go on to have normal brain development and live healthy lives.

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